Bouquet of Flowers in a Glass Vase
creator: Ambrosius Bosschaert
source: National Gallery of Art
publisher: National Gallery of Art
date: 1621
format: oil on copper

Snake's Head Fritillary
description: native to the Netherlands, native to Belgium before going extinct in 1899, grows in grasslands in damp soils, river meadows
date: March to May
identifier: fritillaria meleagris

Centifolia (cabbage) rose
description: Dutch hybrid, before 1800, parents include Damascus and Alba rose
date: Spring or Summer
identifier: Rosa x centifolia (foliacea)

True Forget-Me-Not
description: origins in Europe and Asia, grows in bogs and wet places, beside streams and rivers
date: Spring
identifier: Myosotis scorpides

Grape Hyacinth
description: origins in the Eastern Mediterranean, appeared in European gardens in 1871 (see the "Blue River" in the Keukenhof Gardens in the Netherlands)
date: April to May
identifier: Muscari armeniacum

Heartsease
description: European wildflower, often used for herbalism and making dyes
date: April to September
identifier: Viola tricolor

Lily of the Valley
description: native to much of Europe but avoiding the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, highly poisonous and frequently a symbol of humility in religious painting
date: late Spring and warm Summers, March in mild winters
identifier: Convallaria majalis var. majalis

Apothecary's Rose
description: origins in southern and central Europe, and eastwards towards Turkey and the Caucasus
date: June to July
identifier: Rosa gallica offinalis

Tulip
description: tulip likely originated in Persia, and was first brought to the Netherlands in 1594 for the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden; the Tulip Breaking Virus caused the distinctive stripes—making those bulbs particularly rare—although the flowers died after only a few blooms; these flowers were part of “tulip mania,” the dramatic increase then collapse of the tulip market in the 1630s
date: mid-March to late May
identifier: Tulipa gesneriana with Tulip Breaking Virus of the genus Potyvirus

Rosemary
description: native to Asia and the Mediterranean, can be hardy on some cool climates, said to improve memory and used as a divinitory herb
date: Spring and Summer
identifier: Rosmarinus officinalis