native to Europe; supposedly an aphrodisiac and also used in herbal medicine, but poisonous if ingested
native to eastern Mediterranean, southeastern Europe, northeastern Africa; while not resenbling the Ranunculus asiaticus of today, this flower (not appearing in any of Bosschaert's other paintings) resembles Basilius Bessler's drawing of the flower (1613), only in yellow, as well as that of Carolus Clusius (1601)
native to Central Europe, northern Italy, and Slovenia; grows in woodlands, along beeches, and over limestone
Cyclamen purpurascens f. purpurascens (previously: Cyclamen Romanum , Cyclamen europaeum, Cyclamen odorato purpureo flore, and Cyclamen longius radiculatus Camerarii)
originated in Central Europe; very hardy, grows in open, sunny areas
Iris variegata L. (previously: Iris pannonica variegata)
originated in the Caucuses, traveled west through Greece and Rome; mentioned in Pliny's Natural History